Haskell

Hello World in Haskell

Every programming journey starts with Hello World. Let’s write our first Haskell program using GHC (Glasgow Haskell Compiler), the standard Haskell implementation.

The Code

Create a file named …

Variables and Types in Haskell

In most languages, variables are containers that hold values you can change at will. Haskell takes a fundamentally different approach. As a purely functional language, Haskell has no mutable variables …

Operators in Haskell

Operators in Haskell are not a special syntactic category - they are ordinary functions written in infix form. The expression 2 + 3 is really (+) 2 3, and you can define your own operators using any …

Control Flow in Haskell

Control flow is how a program decides what to do next. In most languages this means statements that mutate state — if blocks that run for their side effects, for and while loops that count and …

Functions in Haskell

Functions are not just a feature of Haskell - they are Haskell. As a purely functional language, every Haskell program is built by defining functions and composing them together. There are no …

The Many Ways to Fail: Error Handling Philosophies Across Programming Languages

Every program that has ever run has eventually encountered something unexpected. A file that wasn’t there. A network that dropped the connection. A number that divided by zero. A user who typed …

The Billion-Dollar Mistake, 60 Years Later: How Languages Handle Null

In 2009, Tony Hoare stood at the QCon conference in London and confessed to a crime.

“I call it my billion-dollar mistake,” he said. “It was the invention of the null reference in …

def, func, fun, fn, sub: Why Every Language Has a Different Word for the Same Thing

Open almost any programming language reference and you will find, somewhere near the beginning, a section explaining how to define a reusable named block of code. The concept is universal. The word …