Go

Hello World in Go

Every programming journey starts with Hello World. Let’s write our first Go program.

The Code

Create a file named hello.go:

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() { …

Variables and Types in Go

Go takes a pragmatic approach to variables and types. It is statically and strongly typed, meaning every variable has a fixed type determined at compile time, but Go’s type inference often lets …

Operators in Go

Operators are the verbs of a programming language — the symbols that combine values and variables into expressions. Go’s operator set is deliberately small and conventional, inheriting most of …

Control Flow in Go

Control flow determines the order in which your program’s statements run. It is how a program makes decisions and repeats work. Go takes a deliberately minimal approach here: where most …

Functions in Go

Functions are the fundamental building blocks of Go programs. They package reusable logic, accept inputs through parameters, and hand results back through return values. Beyond the entry point func …

0 or 1? The Array Indexing War That Never Ended

Ask a programmer which languages start arrays at 0 and which start them at 1, and you’ll get a confident answer. Ask them why, and the conversation gets interesting fast.

Most developers assume …

Channels, Actors, and Goroutines: The Concurrency Models That Divided Language Design

In 1973, Carl Hewitt published a paper describing something he called the Actor model — isolated computational units that communicated exclusively by message passing, with no shared memory, no locks, …

The Many Ways to Fail: Error Handling Philosophies Across Programming Languages

Every program that has ever run has eventually encountered something unexpected. A file that wasn’t there. A network that dropped the connection. A number that divided by zero. A user who typed …

Who Taught Your Language to Remember? A Tour of Memory Management

In our three-part series on web backend performance, we measured idle memory ranging from 3 MB (Rust) to 500 MB (Spring Boot). We noted that a garbage collector explained much of Java’s …

Strings Are Not Simple: How 12 Languages Model Text (And Why They Disagree)

Every programming language has strings. They’re so universal — so unremarkable — that we rarely stop to ask how they actually work. You type some characters between quotation marks, hand them to …