Ruby-Fundamentals

Hello World in Ruby

Every programming journey starts with Hello World. Ruby makes this delightfully simple—it’s just one line that reads almost like English.

The Code

Create a file named hello.rb:

1

puts …

Variables and Types in Ruby

Ruby is a dynamically and strongly typed language — you never declare a variable’s type, but Ruby always knows what type a value is and won’t silently coerce incompatible ones. This gives …

Operators in Ruby

Operators are the verbs of a programming language—they let you add numbers, compare values, combine strings, and make decisions. Ruby gives you the familiar set of arithmetic and comparison operators …

Control Flow in Ruby

Control flow is how a program decides what to do and how many times to do it. Ruby gives you the familiar tools—if, else, loops—but wraps them in syntax that reads almost like English. As a …

Functions in Ruby

In Ruby, the unit of reusable behavior is the method. Because everything in Ruby is an object, what other languages call a “free function” is really a method defined on an object—and a …

I/O Operations in Ruby

Input and output are where a program meets the outside world—reading what a user types, writing results to the screen, and persisting data to files. Ruby treats all of these through the same lens as …